This policy brief, supported by the PeaceNexus Foundation and co-authored by Hamza Boltaev, Head of the Centre for Afghanistan and South Asian Studies, offers an in-depth analysis of regional non-governmental initiatives in Central Asia. The study brings together perspectives from researchers across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan to examine the evolution, challenges, and success factors of civil society efforts in the region.   Focusing on thematic clusters such as climate change, gender issues, religion, migration, and socio-economic development, the research evaluates strategies employed by NGOs to foster collaboration, address shared vulnerabilities, and strengthen social cohesion. Particular attention is given to initiatives that align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promote regional identity through cultural, environmental, and economic cooperation.   The PeaceNexus Foundation’s role in supporting this research underscores its commitment to enhancing the capacity of non-governmental actors to address conflict-sensitive issues and contribute to sustainable peace. Hamza Boltaev’s contributions specifically highlight advancements in religious dialogue and the role of sports in fostering inclusivity and unity.   This publication concludes with actionable recommendations for policymakers, civil society, and development partners to enhance regional networks, strengthen NGO-government collaboration, and implement sustainable strategies for regional cooperation. It serves as a vital resource for fostering resilience, cohesion, and peacebuilding across Central Asia.   Read the policy brief   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

Nargiza Umarova, a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for Advanced International Studies, in her new article, published by The Jamestown Foundation, a examines Moscow’s expanding efforts to establish additional transportation links to Afghanistan and explains how these initiatives reflect Russia’s broader geopolitical and economic aims. According to the author, the Kremlin is eager to secure alternative trade routes at a time when Western sanctions have curtailed Russia’s access to many global markets. In seeking to work with Afghanistan, Russian authorities not only hope to lessen the impact of sanctions but also strive to assert influence over key transit corridors in Central Asia.   By extending rail and road infrastructure toward Afghanistan, Moscow can position itself as a key player in the region, exert leverage over the Taliban government, and potentially regulate—or at least monitor—the flow of goods, people, and security threats along its southern periphery. Overall, Nargiza Umarova argues that these transport and trade expansions serve both Russia’s near-term economic interests and its long-standing ambition to remain the primary power broker in Central Asia.   Read the paper on The Jamestown Foundation’s website   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

In her new publication, Shakhzoda Jumaniyazova, a Research Fellow at the Centre for American Studies, notes that artificial intelligence (AI) today plays an important role in national security, helping to process data at an accelerated pace and identify threats of cyberattacks and information manipulation. The world's leading countries, including the United States, China, and Russia, are actively using AI to improve the effectiveness of military systems and defend against new risks.   However, as the author emphasises, the development of AI also brings challenges – from the vulnerability of algorithms to ethical disputes over the use of autonomous weapons. It is important for Uzbekistan to actively incorporate AI into its security strategy by developing international cooperation, creating a solid legal framework and supporting scientific research. This will not only strengthen the country’s security, but also allow it to adapt to the rapidly changing world of technology.   Read the policy brief (in Russian)   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

In a policy brief published in People’s Daily, Abbos Bobokhonov, Head of the China Programme at IAIS, examines China’s commitment to advancing Chinese-style modernization through innovation-driven strategies. The author highlights the significance of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, which adopted the “Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Modernization with Chinese Characteristics”. This Decision, grounded in extensive research and consultations, focuses on people-centred reforms to ensure equitable development.   The paper underscores that China’s path to modernization, amidst global economic and geopolitical challenges, hinges on a pragmatic and gradual approach to reform and opening-up. The author notes that these efforts aim to empower citizens, foster innovation, and create a robust economic framework that balances market efficiency with effective governance.   Additionally, the author emphasises China’s plans to accelerate structural transformation by cultivating new productivity and enhancing innovation capacity. This reform agenda is also seen as an opportunity to strengthen ties with Central Asia, particularly through infrastructure and energy cooperation within the Belt and Road Initiative. The article concludes that China’s reform trajectory not only aims at domestic growth but also contributes to regional and global prosperity.   Read the policy brief on People’s Daily   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

In their new publication, Dr. Azamat Seitov et al. argue that the imperative for sustainable development has gained unprecedented relevance amid growing environmental challenges and the pressing need to transition to a green economy. They highlight the case of Uzbekistan, where economic modernisation increasingly incorporates environmental concerns, with initiatives addressing critical issues such as the Aral Sea crisis, water scarcity, and desertification. Recognising the global and regional urgency of these matters, Uzbekistan has adopted comprehensive strategies, including the Uzbekistan-2030 Strategy, aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy, and expanding green spaces, particularly in ecologically vulnerable regions like the Aral Sea basin.   Furthermore, the authors underscore Uzbekistan’s commitment to international frameworks like the Paris Agreement, framing the country’s transition to a green economy as a multidimensional effort to balance economic growth with ecological preservation. They detail specific measures, such as modernising energy infrastructure, enhancing resource efficiency, and fostering renewable energy initiatives, while addressing challenges like reliance on non-renewable resources and water scarcity. The strategy also prioritises sustainable agriculture, pollution reduction, and waste management, reflecting an integrative approach to long-term environmental resilience.   In addition, it is discussed that the broader implications of Uzbekistan’s green transition, including its economic benefits and alignment with global sustainable development goals. By implementing innovative technologies and fostering partnerships, such as collaborations with international companies for renewable energy projects, Uzbekistan aims to position itself as a leader in regional environmental policy. However, the authors caution that achieving these goals requires substantial investment, policy coherence, and robust international support, given the significant economic and logistical hurdles involved.   Read the paper here   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.

Islomkhon Gafarov’s policy brief titled “Evolution of the Taliban: Changes in Behavior and Strategy”, published in the Volume 8 of Afghanistan Monitor, delves into the strategic shifts within the Taliban’s governance model since their return to power in August 2021. Mr. Gafarov articulates a nuanced perspective, arguing that despite the ideological rigidity rooted in Deobandi interpretations of Islamic law, the Taliban have exhibited pragmatic shifts in their governance and foreign policy approaches.   The author posits that the Taliban’s recent internal reforms suggest a shift towards more rational and strategic governance. While their core ideology remains unchanged, particularly their adherence to the principles of Sharia and Pashtunwali, there are indications of a more practical approach in both domestic administration and international relations. A significant aspect of Mr. Gafarov’s analysis focuses on the Taliban’s altered stance towards terrorism. Unlike their previous rule, where Afghanistan became a sanctuary for global jihadist networks, the current regime is actively combating groups like Al-Qaeda and ISIS-Khorasan (ISKP).   He also highlights the Taliban’s evolving foreign policy, noting their increased diplomatic outreach to non-Muslim nations, which marks a departure from their isolationist policies of the 1990s. This includes engagements with China, Russia, and Central Asian neighbours, aimed at securing economic investments and infrastructure development. Despite the apparent pragmatism, Islomkhon Gafarov remains cautious in his assessment, suggesting that these shifts might be temporary and aimed at achieving specific political gains, both domestically and internationally.   This policy brief offers a critical lens through which to understand the Taliban’s evolving strategies, portraying a regime that is cautiously adapting to new realities while striving to maintain its core ideological identity.   For reference: The Afghanistan Monitor is a comprehensive publication from the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Pakistan, which provides a nuanced analysis of the political, economic, security, and humanitarian landscape in Afghanistan from June to August 2024. This edition marks three years since the Taliban’s takeover, offering in-depth insights into the challenges and transformations facing the nation. It covers a wide range of topics including human rights, economic developments, infrastructure projects, and diplomatic engagements, with contributions from experts exploring the evolving situation in Afghanistan under Taliban rule.   * The Institute for Advanced International Studies (IAIS) does not take institutional positions on any issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IAIS.